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HTML Markup Tags

SECTIONS OF THE DOCUMENT

<html></html> signal to the browser that this file contains HTML code
<head></head> first part of the HTML doc which contains the title/meta tags
<title></title> doc title, used as window name and bookmark name, stay brief
<meta> meta tag, perform a specific function or supply search information, usually placed within the title tags
- <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="25; url=http://www.plainview.com/">
  display this page for 25 seconds before proceeding to www.plainview.com
- <meta name="description" content="Banyan Network Admin Resume">
- <meta name="keywords" content="Banyan network admin computers systems">
<body></body> second part of the HTML doc which contains items to view/hear
default black text with gray background
- <body background="filename"> use a graphic for a web page background
- <body bgcolor="#008000"> use a color for a web page background, colors are in 6-digit HEX, 2-digs for each of red, green, and blue, "#FF0000" is bright red, "#00FF00" bright is green, "#0000FF" is bright blue, "#000000" is black, "FFFFFF" is white
- <body text="#FFFFFF"> set the default text color, white text, red=FF, green=FF, blue=FF
- <body link="#9690CC"> set the default link color, silver link, red=96, green=90, blue=CC
<address></address> specify the author of the doc at the end
- <address> Title / Org / email@host.org / revised Month Year </address>

RELATIVE FONT SIZES

<h1></h1> headline 1 (largest)
<h2></h2> headline 2
<h3></h3> headline 3
<font></font> font description
- <font size=5><b>C</b></font> a big bold capital C

PHYSICAL STYLES

(Note: Do not mix physical/logical style tags in the same doc. Use one or the other, not both.)
<B></B> bold
<I></I> italic
<TT></TT> teletype/typewriter, fixed width font

LOGICAL STYLES (actual display depends on browser/user settings)

Usually used for Reference
- <DFN></DFN> definition, usually italic, some browsers no meaning
- <EM></EM> emphasis, usually italic
- <CITE></CITE> citation, titles of books, films, etc., usually italic
- <STRONG></STRONG> usually rendered as bold
Usually used for Computing
- <CODE></CODE> for computer code, usually a fixed width font
- <KBD></KBD> for user keyboard entry, usually a plain fixed width font
- <SAMP></SAMP> sample literals, e.g. an error message, fixed width font
- <VAR></VAR> variable, usually italic

PARAGRAPH FORMATS

<p></p> paragraph, the end paragraph tag can be omitted since the next <p> implies it
<p align=center> start a center justify paragraph
<pre></pre> preformatted text, fixed width, browser doesn't alter word wraps
<pre width=80> 80 is the max. no. of chars per line, wrap after 80
<blockquote></blockquote> lengthy quotation
<br> break, new line without additional white space that <p> has
<hr> horizontal rules, often used between paragraphs
<hr size=# width="##%"> example: <hr size=4 width="50%">

LISTS

<ul> unnumbered list (i.e., a bulleted list)
<li> list item
</ul> end unnumbered list

<ol> ordered (1,2,3,...) list
<li> list item
</ol> end ordered list

<ol> (ordered list with an unordered list nested inside it)
     <li> item one
     <li> item two
     <ul> unordered list
          <li> item
     </ul> end unordered list
</ol> end ordered list

<dl> definition list (<dl compact> to put short <dt> on same line as <dd>)
<dt> definition title (flush left)
<dd> definition data (indented)
</dl> end definition list

ESCAPE SEQUENCES

< less than symbol
> greater than symbol
& ampersand symbol
" double quotes symbol
ö small o with umlauts symbol
ñ small n with tilde symbol
È capital E with grave accent symbol

LINKING

<A></A> anchor tag
- <a href="URL">TEXT</a>
  URL schemes: file, ftp, http, gopher, WAIS, news, telnet
  <a href="http://www.netscape.com">Netscape's Home Page</a>
  <a href="flag.html">About the Flag</a>
  <a href="mailto:email@host.org">email me</a>

INLINE IMAGES (gif, jpeg, jpg, png, xbm)

<IMG SRC=filename>
    options ALT="text" alternate text to display while image loads
        HEIGHT=# number in pixels
        WIDTH=# number in pixels
        ALIGN= TOP or CENTER
        BORDER=#
        HSPACE=#
        SPACE=#
<IMG SRC="logo.gif" HEIGHT=50 WIDTH=100 ALIGN=CENTER ALT="Our Logo">

MAPS

<MAP NAME=menu>
<AREA SHAPE=rect COORDS= "0,15, 105,38" HREF=ram/live.ram>
<AREA SHAPE=rect COORDS= "0,38, 106,55" HREF=search.htm>
<AREA SHAPE=rect COORDS= "0,57, 106,77" HREF=tips.htm>
<AREA SHAPE=rect COORDS= "0,76, 105,95" HREF=policies.htm>
<AREA SHAPE=rect COORDS= "0,96, 103,134" HREF=yirs.htm>
<AREA SHAPE=rect COORDS= "0,137, 105,156" HREF=mailto:webmaster@cirnet.com>
<AREA SHAPE=rect COORDS= "0,157, 105,176" HREF=http://citv.com/>
<AREA SHAPE=rect COORDS= "0,176, 104,219" HREF=chat/>
<AREA SHAPE=default HREF=./>
</MAP>
<img border=0 src="images/menu.gif" USEMAP="#menu">

EMBED SOUNDS (*.mid)

<EMBED SRC=filename WIDTH=1 HEIGHT=1 AUTOSTART=TRUE HIDDEN=TRUE VOLUME=50%>

FRAMES

<FRAMESET COLS="20,80">
<FRAME SRC="program.html" NAME="firstrow" MARGINWITH=O MARGINHIGHT=O>
<FRAME SRC="wwjc.html" NAME="secondrow" MARGINWITH=O MARGINHIGHT=O>
</FRAMESET>
<NOFRAME>

OTHER REFERENCES

WC3's HTML Home Page
For foreign characters in HTML, try searches on:
Character entity references for ISO 8859-1 characters (WC3)
HTML Special Character Entity Names (Google)
ISO Latin 1 Character HTML Entity Names (Google)
ISO 8859 HTML Characters (Google)

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